---

Document Number SG24-5129-00

IBM Certification Guide AIX V4.3 System Administration

---

Edition Notice

Preface

• The Team That Wrote This Redbook
• Comments Welcome

Chapter 1. Certification Overview

• 1.1 IBM Certified Specialist - AIX V4.3 System Administration
  • 1.1.1 AIX V4.3 System Administration Test 181 Objectives
• 1.2 Certification Education Courses
• 1.3 Education on CD: IBM AIX Essentials

Chapter 2. System Startup Problem Handling

• 2.1 Key Commands Used Throughout the Chapter
• 2.2 Boot Process
• 2.3 Power On Sequence LEDs and Audio Signals
• 2.4 Some Useful Commands
  • 2.4.1 Using the alog Command
  • 2.4.2 Using the cfgmgr Command
  • 2.4.3 Using the last Command
  • 2.4.4 Using the bootlist Command
  • 2.4.5 Using the uptime Command
  • 2.4.6 Using the mpcfg Command
  • 2.4.7 Using the shutdown Command
• 2.5 Troubleshooting Boot Problems
  • 2.5.1 Accessing a System that Will Not Boot
  • 2.5.2 Common Boot Time LED Error Codes and Recovery Actions
• 2.6 Quiz
  • 2.6.1 Answers
• 2.7 Exercises

Chapter 3. Hardware Assistance

• 3.1 Listing Hardware Devices
  • 3.1.1 Using the lsdev Command
  • 3.1.2 Using the lspv Command
• 3.2 Configuring System Devices
• 3.3 System Management Services
• 3.4 Hardware Device Compatibility
  • 3.4.1 Device Configuration Database
• 3.5 Using the lsattr Command
• 3.6 The System Error Log
  • 3.6.1 Using the errdemon Command
  • 3.6.2 Using the errpt Command
  • 3.6.3 Other Error Handling Commands
• 3.7 The System Log
  • 3.7.1 The syslogd Configuration File
  • 3.7.2 The Format of the Configuration File
  • 3.7.3 Using the System Log
• 3.8 Setting Up an ASCII Terminal
• 3.9 Quiz
  • 3.9.1 Answers
• 3.10 Exercises

Chapter 4. System and Software Installation

• 4.1 Base Operating System Installation
  • 4.1.1 New and Complete Overwrite Installation
  • 4.1.2 Migration Installation
  • 4.1.3 Preservation Installation
• 4.2 Understanding Maintenance Levels
• 4.3 Software Packaging
• 4.4 Installing Optional Software and Service Updates
  • 4.4.1 The installp Command
  • 4.4.2 Using smitty install_update
• 4.5 Software Products and Update Maintenance
  • 4.5.1 Apply Action
  • 4.5.2 Commit Action
  • 4.5.3 Reject Action
  • 4.5.4 Remove Action
• 4.6 Maintaining Optional Software (Applying Updates)
  • 4.6.1 Listing the Current Maintenance Level of the Software
  • 4.6.2 Downloading Fixes
  • 4.6.3 Displaying and Updating Installed Software to the Latest Level
• 4.7 Creating Installation Images on a Hard Disk
• 4.8 Alternate Disk Installation
  • 4.8.1 Filesets Required
  • 4.8.2 Alternate Disk rootvg Cloning
  • 4.8.3 Alternate mksysb Install
• 4.9 Quiz
  • 4.9.1 Answers
• 4.10 Exercises

Chapter 5. Object Data Manager

• 5.1 ODM Commands
• 5.2 Example of an Object Class for an ODM Database
• 5.3 Quiz
  • 5.3.1 Answers
• 5.4 Exercises

Chapter 6. Storage Management, LVM, and File Systems

• 6.1 Logical Volume Storage Concepts
• 6.2 Logical Volume Manager
  • 6.2.1 LVM Configuration Data
  • 6.2.2 Disk Quorum
  • 6.2.3 Disk Mirroring
• 6.3 Managing Physical Volumes
  • 6.3.1 Configuration of Physical Volume
  • 6.3.2 Making an Available Disk a Physical Volume
  • 6.3.3 Modifying Physical Volume Characteristics
  • 6.3.4 Removing Physical Volumes
  • 6.3.5 Listing Information about Physical Volumes
• 6.4 Managing Volume Groups
  • 6.4.1 Adding a Volume Group
  • 6.4.2 Modifying Volume Group Characteristics
  • 6.4.3 Importing and Exporting a Volume Group
  • 6.4.4 Varying On and Varying Off a Volume Group
  • 6.4.5 Monitoring a Volume Group
  • 6.4.6 Reorganizing a Volume Group
  • 6.4.7 Synchronizing a Volume Group
• 6.5 Managing Logical Volumes
  • 6.5.1 Adding a Logical Volume
  • 6.5.2 Removing a Logical Volume
  • 6.5.3 Reducing the Size of a Logical Volume
  • 6.5.4 Increasing the Size of a Logical Volume
  • 6.5.5 Copying a Logical Volume
  • 6.5.6 Listing Logical Volumes
  • 6.5.7 Logical Volume Size
• 6.6 Managing Journaled File Systems
  • 6.6.1 Characteristics of the Journaled File System
  • 6.6.2 Creating a File System
  • 6.6.3 Mounting a File System
  • 6.6.4 Removing a File System
  • 6.6.5 Increasing the Size of a File System
  • 6.6.6 Reducing the Size of a File System
  • 6.6.7 Checking the File System Consistency
  • 6.6.8 Initializing the JFS Log Device
  • 6.6.9 Large File Enabled File Systems
• 6.7 Troubleshooting File System Problems
  • 6.7.1 Recovering from Super Block Errors
  • 6.7.2 Cannot Unmount File Systems
• 6.8 Summary of LVM Commands
  • 6.8.1 PV Commands
  • 6.8.2 VG Commands
  • 6.8.3 LV Commands
  • 6.8.4 File System Commands
• 6.9 Quiz
  • 6.9.1 Answers
• 6.10 Exercises

Chapter 7. System Paging Space

• 7.1 Paging Space Overview
  • 7.1.1 Paging Space Considerations
• 7.2 Managing Paging Spaces
  • 7.2.1 Displaying Paging Space Characteristics
  • 7.2.2 Adding and Activating a Paging Space
  • 7.2.3 Changing Attributes of a Paging Space
  • 7.2.4 Removing a Paging Space (Except hd6)
  • 7.2.5 Managing Default Paging Space (hd6)
• 7.3 Quiz
  • 7.3.1 Answers
• 7.4 Exercises

Chapter 8. System Backup, Restores, and Availability

• 8.1 The mksysb Command
  • 8.1.1 System Administrator Backup Plan
  • 8.1.2 Saving the System State Information Using mkszfile
  • 8.1.3 Excluding File Systems from a Backup
  • 8.1.4 How to Create a Bootable System Backup
  • 8.1.5 Using mksysb to Back Up a User Volume Group
• 8.2 Backing Up User Information
  • 8.2.1 Backing Up a Single Volume Group
  • 8.2.2 How to Backup the Current Directory
• 8.3 Restoring Information from Backup Media
  • 8.3.1 How to Restore a File
  • 8.3.2 How to Restore a Directory
  • 8.3.3 Errors on Restore, Incorrect Block Size
  • 8.3.4 Using the rmfs Command
• 8.4 Cloning Your System
• 8.5 Creating a Duplicate Copy of a Diskette
• 8.6 Duplicating a Magnetic Tape
• 8.7 Using the tctl Command to Take a Tape Device Off-Line
• 8.8 rmt Special File Notes
• 8.9 High Availability Cluster Multi-Processing
• 8.10 Quiz
  • 8.10.1 Answers
• 8.11 Exercises

Chapter 9. System Resource Controller Administration

• 9.1 Starting the SRC
• 9.2 Restarting the SRC
• 9.3 The startsrc Command
• 9.4 The syslogd Daemon
  • 9.4.1 Starting the syslogd Daemon
  • 9.4.2 syslog Configuration File
  • 9.4.3 Recycling the syslogd Daemon
  • 9.4.4 Collecting syslog Data from Multiple Systems
• 9.5 Refreshing a Daemon
• 9.6 The cron Daemon
  • 9.6.1 Crontab File Record Format
  • 9.6.2 Housekeeping
• 9.7 Quiz
  • 9.7.1 Answers
• 9.8 Exercises

Chapter 10. Network Administration

• 10.1 Network Startup at Boot Time
• 10.2 Stopping and Restarting TCP/IP Daemons
  • 10.2.1 Stopping TCP/IP Daemons Using /etc/tcp.clean Command
  • 10.2.2 Restarting TCP/IP Daemons
• 10.3 System Boot without Starting rc.tcpip
• 10.4 The inetd Daemon
  • 10.4.1 Starting and Refreshing inetd
  • 10.4.2 Subservers Controlled by inetd
  • 10.4.3 Stopping inetd
• 10.5 The Portmap Daemon
• 10.6 Host Name Resolution
  • 10.6.1 The /etc/resolv.conf File
  • 10.6.2 /etc/resolv.conf Related Problems
• 10.7 New Adapter Considerations
• 10.8 Configuring a Network Interface Using SMIT
• 10.9 Enabling IP Forwarding
• 10.10 Adding Network Route
• 10.11 Changing the IP Address Using SMIT
• 10.12 Creating an IP Alias
• 10.13 The .netrc File
  • 10.13.1 The .netrc File Format
  • 10.13.2 Sample .netrc File
  • 10.13.3 Handling Multiple .netrc Files
• 10.14 The uname Command
• 10.15 Basic Network Problem Determination
• 10.16 Quiz
  • 10.16.1 Answers
• 10.17 Exercises

Chapter 11. Network File System Administration

• 11.1 NFS Services
• 11.2 Planning, Installation, and Configuration of NFS
  • 11.2.1 Exporting NFS
  • 11.2.2 Unexporting an NFS
  • 11.2.3 Mounting an NFS
• 11.3 Administration of NFS Servers and Clients
  • 11.3.1 Get the Current Status of the NFS Daemons
  • 11.3.2 Changing an Exported File System
  • 11.3.3 Unmounting a Mounted File System
• 11.4 NFS Files, Commands, and Daemons Reference
  • 11.4.1 List of NFS Files
• 11.5 NFS Problem Determination
  • 11.5.1 Identifying NFS Problems Checklist
  • 11.5.2 Checking Network Connections
  • 11.5.3 NFS Error Messages
• 11.6 Quiz
  • 11.6.1 Answers
• 11.7 Exercises

Chapter 12. System Performance

• 12.1 System Dynamics and Workload
  • 12.1.1 System Dynamics
  • 12.1.2 Classes of Workloads
• 12.2 Overview of System Performance
• 12.3 Base Operation System Tools
  • 12.3.1 Using the vmstat Command
  • 12.3.2 Using the iostat Command
  • 12.3.3 Using the netstat Command
• 12.4 Performance Analysis
  • 12.4.1 Determining CPU Bound and Memory Bound Systems
  • 12.4.2 Idle Time Calculations
  • 12.4.3 Calculating Paging Rate
• 12.5 Quiz
  • 12.5.1 Answers
• 12.6 Exercises

Chapter 13. User Administration

• 13.1 Overview
• 13.2 User Administration Related Commands
• 13.3 User Administration Related Files
  • 13.3.1 /etc/security/environ
  • 13.3.2 /etc/security/lastlog
  • 13.3.3 /etc/security/limits
  • 13.3.4 /etc/security/user
  • 13.3.5 /usr/lib/security/mkuser.default
  • 13.3.6 /etc/passwd
  • 13.3.7 /etc/security/passwd
  • 13.3.8 /etc/security/login.cfg
  • 13.3.9 /etc/utmp, /var/adm/wtmp, /etc/security/failedlogin
  • 13.3.10 /etc/motd
  • 13.3.11 /etc/environment
• 13.4 User Administration Tasks
  • 13.4.1 Adding a New User Account
  • 13.4.2 Creating or Changing User Password
  • 13.4.3 Changing User Attributes
  • 13.4.4 Displaying User Attributes
  • 13.4.5 Removing a User Account
  • 13.4.6 Changing Security Attributes of User
  • 13.4.7 Displaying Currently Logged Users
  • 13.4.8 Changing User Login Shell
  • 13.4.9 Changing the Shell Prompt
  • 13.4.10 Starting AIX Common Desktop Environment
• 13.5 Error Messages
• 13.6 Quiz
  • 13.6.1 Answers
• 13.7 Exercises

Chapter 14. Printing

• 14.1 Creating a New Print Queue
• 14.2 The Print Configuration File
• 14.3 Controlling the Print Queue
  • 14.3.1 Editing /etc/qconfig
  • 14.3.2 Modifying /etc/qconfig While Jobs are Processing
• 14.4 Stopping the Print Queue
• 14.5 Starting the Print Queue
• 14.6 Flushing a Print Job
• 14.7 How to Check the Print Spooler
• 14.8 Setting the Time Out on a Printer
• 14.9 Basic Printer Diagnostics Checklist
• 14.10 Quiz
  • 14.10.1 Answers
• 14.11 Exercises

Chapter 15. Sendmail and Email

• 15.1 Overview of Mail System
• 15.2 Mail Daemons
  • 15.2.1 Starting the Sendmail Daemon
  • 15.2.2 Stopping the Sendmail Daemon
  • 15.2.3 Refreshing the Sendmail Daemon
  • 15.2.4 Getting the Status of Sendmail Daemon
  • 15.2.5 Autostart of the Sendmail Daemon (/etc/rc.tcpip)
  • 15.2.6 Specifying Time Values in Sendmail (in rc.tcpip)
  • 15.2.7 Specifying Time Values in Sendmail (Not in rc.tcpip)
• 15.3 Mail Queue Directory: /var/spool/mqueue
  • 15.3.1 Printing the Mail Queue
  • 15.3.2 Mail Queue Files
  • 15.3.3 Forcing the Mail Queue to Run
  • 15.3.4 Moving the Mail Queue
• 15.4 Mail Logs
  • 15.4.1 Managing the Mail Log Files
  • 15.4.2 Logging Mailer Statistics
  • 15.4.3 Displaying Mailer Information
• 15.5 Mail Aliasing
  • 15.5.1 Creating or Modifying Local System Aliases
  • 15.5.2 Building the Alias Database
• 15.6 Mail Addressing
  • 15.6.1 To Address Mail to Users on Your Local System
  • 15.6.2 To Address Mail to Users on Your Network
  • 15.6.3 To Address Mail to Users on a Different Network
  • 15.6.4 To Address Mail over a BNU or UUCP Link
• 15.7 Storing Mail
• 15.8 Mail Administrator's Reference
  • 15.8.1 List of Mail Commands
  • 15.8.2 List of Mail Files and Directories
• 15.9 Quiz
  • 15.9.1 Answers
• 15.10 Exercises

Chapter 16. Online Documentation

• 16.1 Installing the Web Browser
• 16.2 Installing the Web Server
• 16.3 Installing Documentation Search Service
• 16.4 Configuring Documentation Search Service
• 16.5 Installing Online Manuals
• 16.6 Invoking Documentation Search Service
• 16.7 Quiz
  • 16.7.1 Answers
• 16.8 Exercise

Chapter 17. The AIX Windows Font Server

• 17.1 XFS Server Interrupts
• 17.2 XFS Keywords
• 17.3 XFS Form Conventions
• 17.4 XFS Command Flags
• 17.5 Font Server Examples
• 17.6 Quiz
  • 17.6.1 Answers
• 17.7 Exercises

Appendix A. Special Notices

Appendix B. Related Publications

• International Technical Support Organization Publications
• Redbooks on CD-ROMs
• Other Publications
  • Limited Internet Resources

How to Get ITSO Redbooks

• C.1 IBM Redbook Fax Order Form

List of Abbreviations

Index

ITSO Redbook Evaluation

Edition Notice